Clinico-pathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions with their radiological, histopathological, and immuno-histochemistry correlation at a tertiary care teaching hospital: A study of 200 cases

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Original Article

Author Details : Pragnanjalee Pravinbhai Domadiya, Neeru Dave, Darshan D Dave, Vibhooti Manchhubhai Dhum*

Volume : 10, Issue : 4, Year : 2024

Article Page : 270-277

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jooo.2024.053

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Abstract

Background: The oral cavity is vulnerable to different types of environmental insults and chemical injuries specifically with the use of tobacco. Among the various oral cavity lesions, oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a major burden in the developing countries. Diagnosis is done mainly by histopathological examination while few cases need immunohistochemistry (IHC). Some neoplastic lesions are small and deep-seated and need CT or MRI for further evaluation. This study was aimed at studying the spectrum of oral cavity lesions with respect to age, gender and location and to analyse their radiological and histopathological aspects.
Aim: The aim of this article is to study the spectrum (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) of the oral cavity lesions with respect to age, gender, and location/site distribution, to analyse the radiological aspect of the oral cavity lesions and to analyse the histopathological aspect of the oral cavity lesions.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective study of 200 cases over a period of one and a half years. The information like age, gender, etc. was recorded from the requisition forms and the departmental record and studied statistically. p63, CD45, CD19, CD20 IHC markers were done.
Results: The most involved age group was 41 to 50 years. The male: female ratio was 2.27:1. Out of 200 studied cases, 102 (51%) were malignant lesions. In SCC, the buccal mucosa was the most common site with ulcero-proliferative presentation and association with tobacco consumption.
Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of oral cavity lesions. IHC is helpful to confirm an epithelial lineage. Prevention as well as early detection and treatment of oral SCC improves the lifestyle of affected individual and reduce the overall morbidity and mortality associated with oral SCC.
 

Keywords: Oral cavity lesions, Oral cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma, Buccal mucosa, Tobacco.

How to cite : Domadiya P P, Dave N, Dave D D, Dhum V M, Clinico-pathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions with their radiological, histopathological, and immuno-histochemistry correlation at a tertiary care teaching hospital: A study of 200 cases. J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024;10(4):270-277

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